Press Release – Alistair Woodward and Papaarangi Reid
Sixty New Zealand health academics and practitioners have sent a strong message to the government that public health must not be sacrificed on the altar of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement when trade ministers meet in Singapore this weekend.4th December 2013
For immediate release
Health specialists urge NZ not to trade off public health at TPPA summit this weekend
Sixty New Zealand health academics and practitioners have sent a strong message to the government that public health must not be sacrificed on the altar of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement when trade ministers meet in Singapore this weekend.
The letter to Health Minister Tony Ryall has been signed by public health doctors, surgeons, physicians, health economists, child health specialists and others. Signatories include Peter Crampton, Pro-Vice Chancellor Health Sciences at the University of Otago, Philippa Poole, Head of Medicine at the University of Auckland, and John McCall, Professor of Surgery at Dunedin Medical School.
‘We want to send a clear message to our negotiators’, says Alistair Woodward, Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Auckland, and one of those who signed the letter. ‘We are passionate about improving the health of all New Zealanders, and fear the TPPA might mean that we have to do our work with one hand tied behind our back. There is a great deal at stake.’
This call comes several weeks after the leaked intellectual property text confirmed rumours that US demands would significantly undermine PHARMAC. The health specialists warn that: ‘we have serious concerns that the TPPA will cause patients to suffer and will load governments with additional, unreasonable costs for medical technologies.’
PHARMAC is not their only concern. The letter warns that provisions for private investors could deter future regulatory action on public health issues, such as tobacco, alcohol, unhealthy foods and advertising.
A further concern is the ability of commercial interests to exercise greater influence over domestic public health decisions, including pharmaceutical expenditure.
The letter urges Tony Ryall as Minister of Health, to ensure that the Minister of Trade rejects any proposals within the TPPA negotiations that threaten New Zealand’s ability to protect the health of its population.
In a sign of frustration at the need to rely on leaked texts to assess the implications of the agreement for the health of New Zealanders, the letter urges the Government to release the text of the TPPA prior to signing.
4th December 2013
Dear Minister Ryall,
The undersigned are senior New Zealand academics and practitioners with expertise in health and medicine.
The New Zealand Government and the other eleven countries involved in the negotiations for a Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) have set the end of 2013 as the timeline to conclude the agreement.
We understand that crucial decisions on outstanding matters are likely to be made at a Ministerial meeting scheduled to begin on 7 December in Singapore. We are writing to express our deep dismay that the Government might consider making such decisions when there has been no public disclosure of the draft text, nor any opportunity to analyse provisions that may have a negative impact on the health of the New Zealand population.
Given the secrecy of the process, it is difficult to discern what is proposed and what is under negotiation, but we have reasonable grounds to believe that the following are included:
• provisions in the intellectual property chapter of the TPPA which may impact negatively on PHARMAC’s key role to negotiate affordable medicines and medical devices, on behalf of all New Zealanders
• provisions that may deter or impede future regulatory action on public health issues such as tobacco, alcohol, the built environment and unhealthy foods
• proposals to allow commercial interests to exercise greater influence over domestic public health decisions, including pharmaceutical expenditure
• We are concerned also there may be other provisions that pose risks to public health and will not be identified unless there is an opportunity for open scrutiny prior to finalizing the agreement.
Intellectual Property
We urge you to treat as non-negotiable any proposed IP provisions that would delay the market entry of generic drugs, which are crucially important to PHARMAC’s bargaining power. These include clauses relating to patent term extension, data exclusivity, and patent linkage. The leaked intellectual property chapter showed the US was making proposals that would require significant changes to New Zealand law and undermine PHARMAC’s ability to negotiate on pharmaceutical prices for the New Zealand health sector.
The US has also apparently proposed a 12-year period of biologic exclusivity, which would confer an unjustified period of monopoly control. This is far in excess of what other countries involved in the TPPA currently offer, if they offer biologic data exclusivity at all. New Zealand does not. Biologics (pharmaceuticals created through biological processes, e.g. vaccines) are a growing element of total pharmaceutical expenditures and are particularly important with respect to certain chronic, non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
We further understand that the US is seeking to allow broad-ranging patents for diagnostic methods. Virtually all free trade agreements reinforce the position in Articles 27.2 and 27.3 of the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), which expressly permit members to exclude from patentability “diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals”. We call on you to hold to this position in TPPA negotiations on behalf of all New Zealanders.
Reports since the latest round of negotiations indicate that the US has offered flexibility in relation to these provisions to low-income countries, but these are temporary. Once a country crosses a per capita income threshold (approx. $12,000), that country would be required to comply immediately with the highest level of patent and data monopolies ever proposed in trade negotiations. New Zealand is not a low-income country and would not have access even to those limited flexibilities. Indeed, because New Zealand does not have an existing free trade agreement with the US (unlike most other higher income countries in the negotiations), more extensive changes would be required of our domestic law than of any other country. The consequence would inevitably be higher costs to government for providing health services and higher costs to patients for medical care. The latter would increase current disparities in access to care and health outcomes.
Industry influence over regulatory decisions
In addition to longer and more far-reaching patent monopolies, we understand that an Annex on Transparency in Healthcare Technologies could require extensive disclosure by PHARMAC of its criteria and calculations, creating new opportunities for industry to contest decisions. The proposed chapters on Regulatory Coherence and on Transparency may provide additional avenues for industry influence and leverage.
We believe it is inappropriate for commercially driven multinational pharmaceutical and medical devices industries to be involved in the decision-making processes of a public agency (PHARMAC), which has the mandate to employ New Zealand taxpayer funds for the purpose of promoting population health objectives.
Tobacco and alcohol
We are proud of the progress that New Zealand has made in these fields, but there is much more to do. Malaysia is reported to have tabled a comprehensive exclusion for tobacco control measures from the TPPA. We call on the government to support Malaysia’s position. Without a comprehensive and unambiguous exclusion, we fear the tobacco industry will obstruct and undermine health policy, jeopardise our ability to achieve the goal of a Smokefree Aotearoa New Zealand by 2025, and make it difficult for New Zealand to comply with its obligations under the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Similar concerns apply to our efforts to reduce alcohol-related harm. For instance, provisions in the wine and spirits annex to the chapter on Technical Barriers to Trade may limit the options available to create a fully effective regime of alcohol warnings for wine and spirits. Even if the annex did not include any explicit restrictions on the design and placement of alcohol warnings, the right of a manufacturer to meet New Zealand’s requirements through a supplementary label could, in effect, prevent the government from mandating that warnings be placed in a prominent position. While the current voluntary scheme for alcohol warning labels is being evaluated, it is important that the New Zealand government retains the right to regulate alcohol warnings under the TPPA.
Government procurement and State-owned Enterprises
Very little is known about the way that new rules on government procurement and state-owned enterprises proposed in the agreement might impact on public health. This is of great concern at a time when experiments in public-private partnerships, long-term contractual arrangements and stand-alone public health entities are increasingly being used in the public health sector in place of public not-for-profit provision. Again, the secrecy of this text makes it impossible for us to assess the implications, especially as these arrangements involve very large commitments of public health funding for many years ahead.
International investor dispute mechanisms
Patents and health service contracts are known to be among the investments covered in the investment chapter of the TPPA. This means a pharmaceutical company from one of the member countries, especially the US, would immediately be able to sue the New Zealand government if its expectations of IP-based profits were thwarted by fully lawful legislative, regulatory, or judicial decisions. The case currently being brought against the Government of Canada by Eli Lilly under similar rules in the North American Free Trade Agreement illustrates this risk.
Private and foreign corporate interests must not be prioritised over the sovereign interests of New Zealand. Provisions that would allow the government to be sued by private investors for regulatory changes made in the public interest, or administrative or judicial decisions made according to New Zealand law, are simply not acceptable. Key public health concerns such as tobacco, alcohol, and advertising should not be subject to investor-state disputes by foreign investors either. Again, recent cases brought by tobacco companies against Australia and threats of such action here over proposed plain packaging laws, show the risks are far from hypothetical. Foreign private investors must not be able to resort to litigation to deter and impede government action to improve and protect the health of all New Zealanders.
Conclusion
The overriding priority of any international agreement must be the long-term best interests of a country’s citizens. We have serious concerns that the partnership agreement will cause patients to suffer and will load governments with additional, unreasonable costs for medical technologies (both new and existing). We urge you to ensure that the Minister of Trade rejects any proposals within the TPPA negotiations that would require changes to New Zealand’s existing law, policy settings or practices that threaten New Zealand’s ability to respond to new health care and public health challenges in the future. Further, we urge the Government to release the text of the TPPA prior to signing.
Yours sincerely,
Papaarangi Reid BSc MB ChB DipComH FNZCPHM
Tumuaki and Head of Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, University of Auckland
Alistair Woodward MB BS MMedSci PhD FNZCPHM
Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland
John McCall FRACS
Clinical Leader General Surgery and McKenzie Professor of Clinical Science
Dunedin School of Medicine
Toni Ashton PhD
Professor of Health Economics, University of Auckland
Mark D Smith BHB MBChB MMedSci(hons) FRACS.
Laparoscopic, General and Bariatric Surgeon, Southland Hospital.
Tony Blakely MB ChB MPH PhD FNZCPHM
Professor and Director, Burden of Disease Epidemiology, Equity and Cost-Effectiveness Programme (BODE3) University of Otago Wellington
Boyd Swinburn MBChB, MD, FRACP
Professor of Population Nutrition and Global Health, University of Auckland
John Shaw ONZM, PhD, FNZCP, FPS, FRPharmS, RegPharmNZ
Professor of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland
Peter Crampton MB ChB MPH PhD
Pro-Vice-Chancellor, Division of Health Sciences & Dean, Faculty of Medicine, University of Otago
Phillippa Poole BSc, MBChB, MD, FRACP
Professor and Head of Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
Julia Peters MBChB, FRNZCGP, MPH (Hons), FAFPHM, FNZCPHM
Public Health Physician and Current President of the NZCPHM.
Karen Witten PhD
Professor of Public Health, SHORE and Whariki Research Centre,
School of Public Health, Massey University
Greg Finucane
Clinical Director, Te Whetu Tawera, Auckland City Hospital
Don Bandaranayake, MBBS, DPH, FFPHM, FAFPHM, FNZCPHM, PhD
Public Health Physician, Institute of Environmental Science and Research
Pat Neuwelt PhD, FRNZCGP, FNZCPHM
Senior Lecturer, Te Kupenga Hauora Maori, University of Auckland
Joanna Manning BA, LLB(Hons), MCompLaw,
Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Auckland
Patricia Priest MB ChB DPhil
Senior Lecturer, Epidemiology, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago
Rhys Jones, MBChB, MPH, FNZCPHM,
Senior Lecturer in Māori Health, University of Auckland.
Gay Keating, MB ChB MPH,
Medical Practitioner, Wellington
Doug Sellman MBChB, PhD, FRANZCP, FAChAM
Professor of Psychiatry & Addiction Medicine
Director, National Addiction Centre
University of Otago, Christchurch
Jennie Connor BSc, MB ChB, MPH, PhD, FNZCPHM
Professor and Head of Preventive and Social Medicine,
University of Otago, Dunedin
Cheryl Brunton MB ChB DipComH FNZCPHM
Senior Lecturer in Public Health, University of Otago, Christchurch
Richard Edwards BA, MB BChir, MPH, MD, MRCP, FNZCPHM, Professor and Head of Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington.
Josephine Herman MB ChB MPH PhD, PostDoctoral Fellow, University of Auckland
Philip Pattemore FRACP
Associate Professor of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch
Geeta Gala MB ChB FNZCPHM
Public Health Physician, Northern Cancer Network, Auckland
Cathy Pikholz ,
Public Health Medicine Specialist, Auckland Regional Public Health Service
Andrea McDonald MBChB MSc MPH
Public Health Medicine Registrar, Regional Public Health
Garth MacLeod, BHB, MBChB, MPH, Public Health Medicine Registrar, Auckland Regional Public Health Service
Catherine Jackson BHB, MBChB, Dip Paeds, MPH, FNZCPHM
Public Health Medicine Specialist, Auckland Regional Public Health Service
James Smith, MBChB MBA MPH FNZCPHM FAFPHM
Director and Public Health Physician, Central Queensland Public Health Unit
Clair Mills
Medical Officer of Health, Northland District Health Board
Diana Sarfati
Assoc Professor and Director, Cancer Control and Screening Research Group Department of Public Health University of Otago, Wellington
Anthony Kriechbaum MBChB;MPH;FNZCPHM;FRNZCGP
General Practitioner & Community Medicine Specialist
Massey University Medical Centre, Palmerston North
Fiona Imlach Gunasekara MBChB, PhD, FNZCPHM,
Public Health Physician, Wellington
Elana Curtis
Senior Lecturer Medical and Director Vision 20:20,Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, University of Auckland
Assoc Prof Roger Booth, MSc, PhD
MBChB Phase 1 Director, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland
Richard Vipond
Public Health Medicine Registrar, Auckland Regional Public Health Service
Michael Butchard, BSc, BA(hons, 1st), MbChB, DipPH (with dist.)
Public Health Medicine Registrar
Jamie Hosking, MBChB, Dip Paeds, MPH, FNZCPHM,
Public Health Physician, University of Auckland
Alison Blaiklock, MPHTM FAFPHM(RACP) FNZCPHM GDipNFP
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Department of Public Health,
University of Otago Wellington
Caroline Shaw FNZCPHM
Public Health Medicine Specialist, Wellington
Jeroen Douwes, PhD
Professor of Public Health, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University
Shanthi Ameratunga, PhD FNZCPHM
Professor of Epidemiology, University of Auckland
Tim Cundy, MA MBBChir MD FRACP
Professor of Medicine, University of Auckland
Hayley Bennett MBChB, MPH, FNZCPHM
Public Health Medicine Specialist, Hamilton
Tim McCreanor
Public health researcher, SHORE & Whariki Research Group
Massey University
Alex Macmillan, MB ChB MPH PhD FNZCPHM
Senior Lecturer, Social & Preventive Medicine, University of Otago
Innes Asher MB ChB FRACP
Professor and Head of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland
Robert Scragg MBBS, PhD, FNZCPHM
Professor and Head of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Auckland,
Sally Casswell PhD
Director, SHORE (Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation) SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, Massey University
Ed Kiddle FNZCPHM
Medical Officer of Health, Nelson Marlborough District Health Board
Debbie Wilson BSc Hons
Sustainability Officer, Business & Corporate Services, Counties Manukau DHB
Graeme Lindsay MBChB, DipCEM, MPH, FNZCPHM
Public Health Medicine Specialist, University of Auckland
Anne MacLennan, FRCP(Edin), FAChPM, MPM
Palliative Medicine specialist, Wellington
Michael Hale MBCHB MPH
Public Health Medicine Specialist, Auckland District Health Board
Vivian Fu MB ChB
Medical Registrar, Wellington
Maria Peach MB ChB
Resident Medical Officer, Dunedin
Lucy D’Aeth PhD, MA, BA
Public Health Specialist, Canterbury District Health Board
ENDS
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